Looking for:
Manual trans |
Manual trans.Watch Next
- Manual trans
And it only comes with a six-speed manual. Today's Best Deals. Buying Guides. Winter Gear Awards. Type keyword s to search.
Today's Top Stories. Presented by. Here are the best model-year cars you can buy with a manual transmission. Additionally, because the internal combustion engine is most-efficient and most-powerful at different speeds, multiple gear ratios are necessary to extract the most usable power or best fuel economy, depending on driver demand. Basically, a manual transmission is a gear box that enables the driver to choose between different gear ratios to drive the car. Lower gear ratios offer more torque, but less speed, while higher gear ratios offer less torque, but higher speed.
At its simplest, the manual transmission consists of three shafts with constantly-intermeshed gears of different sizes. The input shaft connects to the engine, via the clutch. The countershaft is constantly meshed with the input shaft and has multiple gears. This removes the need for a physical clutch pedal. A manual transmission requires the driver to operate the gear stick and clutch in order to change gears unlike an automatic transmission or semi-automatic transmission , where one typically the clutch or both of these functions are automated.
Most manual transmissions for cars allow the driver to select any gear ratio at any time, for example shifting from second to fourth gear, or fifth to third gear. However, sequential manual transmissions , which are commonly used in motorcycles and racing cars , only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear. In a vehicle with a manual transmission, the flywheel is attached to the engine's crankshaft , therefore rotating at engine speed.
A clutch sits between the flywheel and the transmission input shaft, controlling whether the transmission is connected to the engine clutch engaged - the clutch pedal is not being pressed or not connected to the engine clutch disengaged - the clutch pedal is being pressed down.
When the engine is running and the clutch is engaged i. The design of most manual transmissions for cars is that gear ratios are selected by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission.
This is a fundamental difference compared with a typical hydraulic automatic transmission , which uses an epicyclic planetary design, and a hydraulic torque converter. Some automatic transmissions are based on the mechanical build and internal design of a manual transmission but have added components such as computer -controlled actuators and sensors which automatically control the timing and speed of the gear shifts and clutch; this design is typically called an automated manual transmission or sometimes a clutchless manual transmission.
Contemporary manual transmissions for cars typically use five or six forward gears ratios and one reverse gear, however, transmissions with between two and seven gears have been produced at times. Transmissions for trucks and other heavy equipment often have between eight and twenty-five gears, [ citation needed ] in order to keep the engine speed within the optimal power band for all typical road speeds.
Operating such transmissions often uses the same pattern of shifter movement with a single or multiple switches to engage the next sequence of gears. Operation of a constant-mesh 4-speed sequential manual transmission; commonly used in motorcycles and race cars. Many of the first automobiles were rear-engined, with a simple belt-drive functioning as a single-speed transmission. The Panhard et Levassor is considered a significant advance in automotive transmissions since it used a three-speed manual transmission.
The driver was therefore required to use careful timing and throttle manipulation when shifting, so the gears would be spinning at roughly the same speed when engaged; otherwise, the teeth would refuse to mesh. This was difficult to achieve, so gear changes were often accompanied by grinding or crunching sounds, resulting in the gearboxes being nicknamed "crash boxes".
The first car to use a manual transmission with synchromesh was the Cadillac , [5] however most cars continued to use non-synchronous transmissions until at least the s. In , Porsche patented the split ring synchromesh system, which went on the become the most common design for passenger cars. Up until the late s, most transmissions had three or four forward gear ratios, although five-speed manual transmissions were occasionally used in sports cars such as the Ferrari Inter and the Alfa Romeo Super Sprint.
Five-speed transmissions became widespread during the s, as did the use of synchromesh on all forward gears. Six-speed manual transmissions started to emerge in high-performance vehicles in the early s, such as the BMW i and the Ferrari The first 6-speed manual transmission was introduced in the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale.
The first 7-speed manual transmission was introduced in the Porsche In , A manual transmission has several shafts with various gears and other components attached to them. Most modern passenger cars use 'constant-mesh' transmissions consisting of three shafts: an input shaft , a countershaft also called a layshaft and an output shaft.
The input shaft is connected to the engine and spins at engine speed whenever the clutch is engaged. This allows for a narrower transmission since the length of each countershaft is halved compared with one that contains four gears and two shifters. The fixed and free gears can be mounted on either the input or output shaft or both.
For example, a five-speed transmission might have the first-to-second selectors on the countershaft, but the third-to-fourth selector and the fifth selector on the main shaft. This means that when the vehicle is stopped and idling in neutral with the clutch engaged and the input shaft spinning, the third-, fourth-, and fifth-gear pairs do not rotate. When neutral is selected, none of the gears on the output shaft are locked to the shaft, allowing the input and output shafts to rotate independently.
In fact, a six-speed manual is available with every engine choice offered in this rear-wheel-drive muscle car, from the base turbo 2. Several versions of Mopar's muscle car come standard with a six-speed manual, including those equipped with the hp 5.
Though the Ford Mustang Shelby GT is dead and the Shelby GT is only available with a seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission, you can still get a stick in every other version of Ford's pony car , be it a fastback coupe or a convertible. A six-speed manual is available with the potent turbo-four and optional 5. The 11th-generation Honda Civic continues to save the manual, even if it limits the availability of the transmission to a select few trims.
Notably, the Civic sedan offers the gearbox strictly in its sportiest form: the hp turbocharged Civic Si. That said, the Civic hatchback lets buyers row their own gears in the more run-of-the-mill Sport and Sport Touring guises. The former features a hp 2. There's also the powerful Civic Type R hot hatch , which is manual-only. While the turbocharged Elantra N Line discontinued its manual transmission recently, the top-dog Elantra N performance model still offers a six-speed manual gearbox.
Kia only offers the Forte sedan with a stick in its high-end GT form. The top-line trim is the most powerful Forte variant thanks to its hp turbocharged 1. Mazda doesn't offer its smallest sedan with a stick; however, the Mazda 3 hatchback is still available with one. Mobile Newsletter banner close. Mobile Newsletter chat close. Mobile Newsletter chat dots. Mobile Newsletter chat avatar.
Mobile Newsletter chat subscribe. Under the Hood. How Manual Transmissions Work. Where Have the Manuals Gone? The green shaft comes from the engine through the clutch. The green shaft and green gear are connected as a single unit.
The clutch is a device that lets you connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission. When you push in the clutch pedal, the engine and the transmission are disconnected so the engine can run even if the car is standing still.
When you release the clutch pedal, the engine and the green shaft are directly connected to one another. The green shaft and gear turn at the same rpm as the engine. The red shaft and gears are called the layshaft. These are also connected as a single piece, so all of the gears on the layshaft and the layshaft itself spin as one unit.
The green shaft and the red shaft are directly connected through their meshed gears so that if the green shaft is spinning, so is the red shaft. In this way, the layshaft receives its power directly from the engine whenever the clutch is engaged. The yellow shaft is a splined shaft that connects directly to the drive shaft through the differential to the drive wheels of the car.
If the wheels are spinning, the yellow shaft is spinning. The blue gears ride on bearings, so they spin on the yellow shaft. If the engine is off but the car is coasting, the yellow shaft can turn inside the blue gears while the blue gears and the layshaft are motionless. Relies upon automatic transmission fluid and planetary gear set. Easy to use — less stress. Higher resale value. Widely available. Great in stop and go traffic.
Good for beginners. Higher purchase price than manual. Higher repair costs. Historically less fuel efficient than manual — but the gap is closing. Which transmission should you select? Related Articles.
❿
Comments
Post a Comment